Preliminary land contamination risk assessment

Locate potential risks before commissioning intrusive investigation

We reconstruct site uses from available historical material, process documentation and information supplied by the owner or operator. The review looks for locations associated with substance storage, production, waste handling and incidents that may have affected the ground. Confirmed facts are distinguished from assumptions and areas where reliable information is limited or absent.

Potential sources are connected to possible contaminant migration pathways and current or proposed land uses. Existing investigation results are reviewed in terms of location, age and actual coverage. This identifies questions already partly answered and areas needing targeted investigation, rather than selecting sampling locations without a clear link to the site's history.

The preliminary review helps define the next stage but does not demonstrate that an entire property is free from contamination. An absence of recorded incidents is not proof that none occurred. Findings help investors, operators or transaction advisers consider additional documents, intrusive investigation or clarification of a specific risk before making further commitments.

Technical data

Subject Historical and current potential sources of land contamination.
Service type Preliminary risk assessment using site history and available evidence.
Assessment basis and requirements Historical records, process descriptions, earlier investigations and the intended use of the property.
Method
  1. Review site use history, process documentation and existing investigation results.
  2. Identify potential sources and gaps in the historical evidence.
  3. Connect sources with migration pathways and relevant land uses.
  4. Propose a further investigation programme targeting the identified risks.
Delivery model KFB Enviro with a partner/subcontractor

What you receive

You receive a preliminary report and programme of next steps identifying potential contamination sources, the quality of available evidence and significant uncertainties. Recommendations organise the need for further documentation or investigation. The material helps commission purposeful follow-up work and explains which conclusions cannot yet be supported by a review of the property's history alone.

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Soil and groundwater investigation planning and coordination

Design an investigation around the site's actual questions

Site history, earlier findings and the assignment's purpose determine which areas and substances need investigation. The programme proposes locations, depths and sample types appropriate to the available understanding. Access restrictions, infrastructure and practical arrangements are considered so issues requiring clarification can be addressed before specialist teams enter an operating facility or development site.

We coordinate agreed fieldwork and laboratory analysis undertaken by partners or subcontractors. Samples are linked to their locations, field records and commissioned analytical scope. When results are available, we check completeness and interpret the evidence against the investigation purpose, site conditions and relevant criteria, explaining the limitations associated with the representativeness of the samples collected.

Findings inform whether the investigation is sufficient or needs to be extended in coverage or analytical scope. A single campaign does not automatically describe changes in groundwater quality over time and is not a complete monitoring programme. Measured findings are clearly distinguished from interpretation between investigation points, avoiding unjustified certainty in subsequent decisions.

Technical data

Subject Soil and groundwater at locations selected for the investigation purpose.
Service type Planning and coordination of field investigation and laboratory analysis.
Assessment basis and requirements Site investigation model, sampling programme and interpretation criteria selected for the media, substances and investigation objectives.
Method
  1. Define investigation questions and scope from the existing site understanding.
  2. Select locations, depths, sample media and analytical parameters.
  3. Coordinate specialist sampling and laboratory analysis undertaken by providers.
  4. Check result completeness and interpret the need for further investigation.
Delivery model Partner/subcontractor coordinated by KFB Enviro

What you receive

You receive the investigation programme, collected results and an interpretation linked to the agreed objective. The material connects findings to sampling locations, explains investigation limits and identifies any need to extend the work. Specialist activities and laboratory analysis may be subcontracted; the documentation provided reflects the agreed programme and the activities actually completed.

Scope and limitations

Specialist work and laboratory analysis may be subcontracted

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Remediation strategy or plan

Translate investigation findings into a justified remediation approach

We examine contaminant types and distribution, ground and groundwater conditions, and current and intended land uses. The review considers whether the investigation supports definition of remediation objectives or needs extending. Concentrations matter alongside the extent of the problem, potential migration pathways and constraints imposed by ongoing operations or the development programme.

Suitable approaches are compared in terms of their technical, organisational and environmental implications. We identify assumptions requiring confirmation before selection and explain how outcomes could be evaluated. The strategy connects remedial activities, verification and future site use rather than reducing the decision to the choice of a technology without its wider site context.

Within the agreed scope, we prepare a strategy or draft remediation plan to support further consultations and implementation planning. Remediation works remain outside the core consulting scope. We do not predetermine an option's effectiveness without adequate investigation or the outcome of an administrative process; we identify conditions relevant to implementation and verification of the intended results.

Technical data

Subject Remediation objectives and options for contaminated land.
Service type Remediation strategy development or preparation of a draft remediation plan.
Assessment basis and requirements Investigation findings, intended land use, site conditions and requirements relevant to the agreed procedural route.
Method
  1. Assess investigation completeness and define the objectives of remedial action.
  2. Compare options against ground, groundwater and practical operating conditions.
  3. Identify implementation assumptions, verification needs and further consultation points.
  4. Prepare a strategy or draft plan for the selected direction.
Delivery model KFB Enviro with a partner/subcontractor

What you receive

You receive a remediation strategy or draft plan explaining the objectives, options and proposed approach. It records assumptions, constraints and the agreed method for evaluating outcomes. It identifies questions requiring further investigation or consultation and supports preparation of a specialist works commission; carrying out remediation works is not included in this consulting deliverable.

Scope and limitations

Remediation works are outside the core consulting scope

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Remediation supervision and monitoring

Track remediation progress through verifiable evidence

Before supervision starts, we define control points derived from the remediation plan, contractor documentation needs and information-sharing arrangements. We distinguish activities requiring observation from those assessable through records and test results. Attendance and frequency are selected for the agreed assignment rather than implying continuous site presence irrespective of the work being undertaken.

During implementation, documented activities are compared with the plan and deviations requiring explanation are identified. Monitoring results are considered alongside sampling locations, dates and conditions so dissimilar datasets are not treated as directly comparable. We highlight signals relevant to subsequent decisions, including a need for additional checks or reassessment of the planned approach.

Outcome assessment relies on the evidence collected and criteria relevant to the particular plan. A specialist contractor carries out the works; supervision does not replace that contractor's delivery responsibilities. Where evidence cannot substantiate a result, we identify what is missing rather than treating completion of works as proof that every remediation objective has been achieved across the site.

Technical data

Subject Remediation activities and monitoring evidence of their outcomes.
Service type Environmental supervision, monitoring and assessment of remediation results.
Assessment basis and requirements Agreed remediation plan, contractor records, control programme and relevant outcome assessment criteria.
Method
  1. Agree control points, records and responsibilities during implementation.
  2. Check activities against the plan and record identified deviations.
  3. Analyse monitoring results in light of how they were obtained.
  4. Assess evidenced outcomes and identify any further verification needed.
Delivery model KFB Enviro with a partner/subcontractor

What you receive

You receive supervision reports and an outcome assessment based on available records and monitoring results. The material describes observations, identified deviations and matters requiring action. It distinguishes demonstrated achievements from conclusions needing further confirmation, supporting decisions on additional works, supplementary investigation or documentation summarising implementation of the remediation plan.

Scope and limitations

Remediation works are carried out by a specialist contractor

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Water and wastewater monitoring and action plan

From a monitoring location to a decision on the result

We start with the monitoring purpose: process control, observation of facility impacts or implementation of documented conditions. The water and wastewater system, existing control points and available results are reviewed. Parameters and frequencies are proposed in relation to operating variability, stream characteristics and requirements confirmed for the specific facility, rather than a universal schedule.

The programme sets out arrangements for sampling, sharing results and evaluating findings. We identify operating information that should accompany each test so an unusual result can be investigated. The approach addresses comparison between monitoring rounds, missing data and signals requiring repeat checks, installation review or escalation to the person responsible for the next decision.

The action procedure helps prevent results being archived without interpretation. Responsibilities of the operator, coordinator and testing provider are distinguished, taking account of practical access to monitoring locations. Preparing a programme does not include completing an entire monitoring cycle; sampling and analysis require a separately agreed scope. Process changes may also require the programme to be revised.

Technical data

Subject Water and wastewater monitoring locations, parameters and responses to findings.
Service type Monitoring programme design and follow-up action procedure.
Assessment basis and requirements Facility arrangements, historical results and documented requirements confirmed for the relevant water uses.
Method
  1. Define monitoring objectives and review existing control arrangements.
  2. Select locations, parameters, frequency and supporting operating information.
  3. Describe result assessment and the response route for deviations.
  4. Allocate responsibilities and establish when the programme needs updating.
Delivery model KFB Enviro with a partner/subcontractor

What you receive

You receive a monitoring programme and a procedure connecting test results to follow-up actions. The documents specify control locations, parameters, proposed frequency, information flow and responsibilities. They support commissioning tests, comparing successive rounds and recording responses to identified problems, while distinguishing the agreed plan from field and laboratory activities required to implement it.

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Soil and ground monitoring

Connect laboratory results with the locations they actually represent

We establish the investigation objective, history of the area and processes that may have affected its condition. Previous investigations and proposed land-use changes are reviewed. Sampling points, depths and analytical parameters are then defined for the agreed task, with a clear explanation of which questions the proposed sampling arrangement can address and which remain outside its coverage.

We coordinate the field partner's work and transfer of samples to an appropriate laboratory. Results are linked to sample locations and descriptions, then interpreted against the identified conditions and criteria selected for the site. Where historical results are available, we assess whether comparisons are meaningful given differences in depth, methods and sampling point selection.

Interpretation distinguishes an analytical result from a conclusion about the wider area. Findings at one point are not extended across a property without justification. Laboratory analyses are provided by the appropriate partner, while KFB Enviro coordinates the scope and interpretation. Further investigations, remediation planning or physical works require a separate scope informed by the evidence obtained.

Technical data

Subject Soil and ground conditions at defined site locations and sampling depths.
Service type Investigation planning and coordination with environmental interpretation.
Assessment basis and requirements Investigation purpose and boundaries, site history, sample characteristics and criteria and methods appropriate to the assessed area.
Method
  1. Review site history and the existing investigation record.
  2. Define sampling points, depths and laboratory analytical scope.
  3. Coordinate sampling and connect results with sample documentation.
  4. Interpret site conditions and identify the need for further investigation.
Delivery model Partner/subcontractor coordinated by KFB Enviro

What you receive

You receive an investigation report and interpretation identifying sampling points, depths and analytical scope. It explains how the results address the investigation purpose and where coverage remains limited. The material supports planning of subsequent site activities, including additional investigations where needed, without treating unsampled areas as if their condition had been established.

Scope and limitations

Laboratory testing is performed by an appropriate laboratory or partner

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Soil and groundwater baseline or final report

Document site conditions at the relevant stage of the installation's life

We first establish the report purpose, installation boundaries and substances relevant to the assessment. Information on material use, storage and movement is reviewed alongside available soil and groundwater data. The history of the site helps identify locations needing attention and determine whether existing investigations address the questions the report is intended to resolve.

Operational records are brought together with investigation results and their locations. We examine comparability of methods, depths and analytical scopes, identifying where further investigation may be needed. For a final report, an important task is relating the assessed condition to the appropriate baseline documentation while accounting for differences in the evidence and actual changes in installation use.

The report explains the basis and limits of the assessment; an individual result does not automatically characterise the entire property. Field and laboratory work is organised with suitable partners within an agreed scope. The report documents environmental conditions, while any remediation strategy or physical works require a separate scope based on the findings.

Technical data

Subject Soil and groundwater conditions in relation to substances relevant to the installation.
Service type Baseline or final report based on operational records and investigation evidence.
Assessment basis and requirements Report purpose and requirements, substance characteristics, installation history, reference documentation and relevant site investigation results.
Method
  1. Define installation boundaries and the substances to be considered.
  2. Review site history and existing soil and groundwater evidence.
  3. Assess investigation coverage and comparability of results.
  4. Prepare the report with interpretation and data limitations.
Delivery model KFB Enviro with a partner/subcontractor

What you receive

You receive a baseline or final report describing the installation, evidence used and environmental condition within the defined scope. It explains the investigation basis and, where appropriate, comparison with reference documentation. Information gaps affecting interpretation are identified so subsequent decisions about the site can be based on clearly stated findings.

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Waste collection or treatment permit application support

A clear description of the waste management activity

We distinguish collection from treatment so that the documentation reflects the proposed activities. We examine site layout, storage arrangements, equipment and operational sequence. For a modification, the new scope is compared with existing documents. We establish waste types and quantities needed to describe capacity and the organisation of the different parts of the activity.

Waste flows are organised from acceptance through storage and any treatment to the onward transfer of resulting streams. Process descriptions, balances and storage parameters are checked for consistency. We identify appendices and additional information relevant to the application scope. Matters needing separate specialist input are highlighted for agreement rather than concealed within a general description of the operation.

The application covers the defined waste activity; it does not replace documentation of every other environmental impact at the site. Its content should allow the operator to compare intended working arrangements with the assumptions presented. We therefore make the scope and connections between streams, operations and parameters clear, including those needing revision if the solution changes.

Technical data

Subject Waste collection or treatment at a defined location
Service type Application documentation for a waste collection or treatment permit
Assessment basis and requirements Proposed activities, waste and installation data, site organisation and documentation requirements identified for the defined scope.
Method
  1. Distinguish the collection and treatment activities covered by the application.
  2. Organise waste streams, operations and storage parameters.
  3. Check flow consistency and identify supporting appendices.
  4. Prepare documentation describing the defined scope of the activity.
Delivery model KFB Enviro with a partner/subcontractor

What you receive

You receive a waste collection or treatment permit application with the agreed documentation. The package describes activities, waste flows and the organisation of the installation or operational site. It connects quantitative data with the technical description, providing a clear basis for presenting the scope in the procedure and discussing the solution's further details.

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Integrated permit application support

One installation, a consistent account of its impacts

We start by defining installation boundaries, describing the technology and establishing whether the work concerns a new permit or an amendment. For an amendment, we compare the installation covered by the existing decision with the proposed changes. Information on materials, resources, emissions and operating arrangements is organised around shared balances and parameters across the application.

We coordinate specialist assessments relevant to the installation and check their connections. Technical descriptions, schedules and supporting explanations are developed within the agreed documentation scope. Procedural support includes preparing appropriate technical clarifications and supplementary material. Consistency between process information, calculations and the proposed description of operating conditions is maintained as the application package develops.

The application should describe an installation in terms that relate to the operator's actual work. We therefore explain the parameters and assumptions underpinning the documentation and which changes could affect its validity. Scope depends on the installation and purpose of the procedure; preparing an application is distinct from the authority issuing or amending a permit.

Technical data

Subject An installation and the impacts addressed by its integrated permit application
Service type Application for an integrated permit or an amendment
Assessment basis and requirements Installation documents, the existing decision for amendments, and requirements and reference documents applicable to the activity assessed.
Method
  1. Define installation boundaries and the scope of the new or amended application.
  2. Agree common balances, parameters and operating scenarios.
  3. Coordinate specialist assessments and prepare application documentation.
  4. Provide agreed technical explanations during the procedure.
Delivery model KFB Enviro with a partner/subcontractor

What you receive

You receive an application for an integrated permit or an amendment, with the agreed assessments and supporting material. The documentation describes the installation using consistent data and explains the assumptions adopted. It supports the permitting procedure and helps the operator understand the links between technology, operating parameters and the environmental assessment presented in the application.

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Groundwater monitoring

Build a comparable record of groundwater conditions

We review the monitoring purpose, available observation points and existing documentation. Relevant information on ground conditions, groundwater and site use is considered where available. We examine which parameters were previously analysed, when sampling took place and whether the location and characteristics of monitoring points support meaningful comparisons between successive rounds of investigation.

The agreed programme is coordinated with sampling providers and the laboratory, with attention to sample identification and records of relevant conditions. Results are interpreted by separating observed changes from gaps in the series, method differences and incompatible analyses. Time-based comparisons are related to available installation and site information without attributing a change to one source without sufficient evidence.

Trend assessment depends on the length and quality of the record and the extent of site understanding. Where the evidence is insufficient, we identify useful additions. Investigations are performed by suitable partners and laboratories. New monitoring points or wider hydrogeological investigations require a separately defined scope and are not automatically included in a routine monitoring assignment.

Technical data

Subject Groundwater quality changes within a defined network of monitoring points.
Service type Investigation coordination and comparative assessment of monitoring series.
Assessment basis and requirements Programme objectives, monitoring point records, available ground and groundwater information, historical results and requirements relevant to the site.
Method
  1. Review monitoring points and historical investigation results.
  2. Agree the scope and coordinate sampling and laboratory analysis.
  3. Check comparability and assemble a time-based record of results.
  4. Assess trends, uncertainties and the need for further investigation.
Delivery model Partner/subcontractor coordinated by KFB Enviro

What you receive

You receive a report and assessment of groundwater quality trends at the monitored locations. It presents the results over time, conditions for comparison and questions that remain unresolved. The material supports planning of subsequent rounds, justification of additional investigation and organisation of the information used by the operator to monitor the site and installation.

Scope and limitations

Laboratory testing is performed by an appropriate laboratory or partner

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