Spatial analysis of environmental constraints

See where environmental conditions influence the choice of solution

We first define the decision question and geographical scope. The task may concern alternative sites, an infrastructure route or the arrangement of project elements. Available environmental and project layers are selected after reviewing their sources, dates, accuracy and suitability. Evidence representing actual investigation is distinguished from indicative material that requires a more cautious interpretation.

Coordinate systems, geometry and attributes are organised before analyses are carried out against the agreed criteria. We examine overlaps, distances or other relevant spatial relationships. Alternatives are compared on a consistent basis, with the rules documented so a map explains both where a potential conflict occurs and why it has been identified in the assessment.

GIS findings guide further work but do not automatically replace field investigations or formal confirmation of constraints. An object missing from an available dataset is not evidence that it does not exist. The report identifies uncertainties relevant to the decision and locations where better information or specialist verification could change the assessment of an option.

Technical data

Subject Spatial relationships between a proposed project and environmental conditions.
Service type GIS-based location assessment, conflict identification and comparison of alternatives.
Assessment basis and requirements Agreed assessment criteria, option geometries and available spatial data with their currency and accuracy considered.
Method
  1. Define the decision question, geographical boundaries and alternatives.
  2. Review sources and organise spatial geometry and attributes.
  3. Analyse spatial relationships against the agreed criteria.
  4. Prepare maps, compare options and interpret relevant limitations.
Delivery model KFB Enviro

What you receive

You receive analytical maps and a spatial report showing identified constraints, conflicts and differences between options. The material documents assessment criteria, information sources and important limitations. It helps direct subsequent investigations towards the relevant locations and allows project teams to discuss alternatives using a shared and clearly explained spatial evidence base.

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Landscape and visual impact assessment

Understand where the development will be seen and in what setting

We review landscape character and the project features influencing perception, including location, dimensions, layout and relationships with existing buildings or vegetation. Viewpoints and viewing directions are selected for the assessment purpose. Available spatial information and agreed field material are used with their currency and level of detail explained, including limitations affecting the analysis.

The assessment combines visibility analysis with interpretation of the significance of the anticipated change. Visibility alone does not determine the scale of landscape impact. Background, screening and the use of observation locations are considered, while alternatives are compared using consistent assumptions. Maps and analytical visualisations explain these relationships rather than simply displaying the proposed structure.

Conclusions identify options worth considering, such as location, layout or setting adjustments where relevant to the project. Visualisation detail is agreed before work starts; photorealistic promotional imagery is not assumed. We also explain how season, input data and viewing position influence the representation, enabling readers to interpret the scenarios appropriately.

Technical data

Subject The development's relationship with the landscape and visibility from selected locations.
Service type Landscape assessment and visual impact analysis.
Assessment basis and requirements Project parameters, spatial data, agreed viewpoints and the selected level of visualisation detail.
Method
  1. Review landscape character and project features relevant to visibility.
  2. Select viewpoints and prepare spatial information for the assessment.
  3. Analyse visibility and compare alternatives using maps and visualisations.
  4. Interpret effects and identify mitigation options alongside assessment limitations.
Delivery model KFB Enviro with a partner/subcontractor

What you receive

You receive a report, maps and analytical visualisations at the agreed level of detail. The package identifies viewpoints, assumptions, comparison results and limitations. Conclusions address the development's relationship with its surroundings and possible mitigation measures. Visualisation scope is defined for the assignment and does not automatically include photorealistic or marketing materials.

Scope and limitations

Level of visualisation to be agreed

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Ecological surveys

Survey ecology at the right time and scale for the project

The survey scope follows the location, development characteristics and existing ecological information. We identify species groups and habitats requiring attention and the study area needed to answer project questions. Survey planning accounts for seasonality because the likelihood of detecting a species or characterising a habitat depends on timing, conditions and the method used.

Agreed fieldwork is combined with a review of available evidence. Observations are spatially organised and documented with the context in which they were obtained. Confirmed records are distinguished from assessments of habitat potential and remaining information gaps. Specialist team selection reflects the project rather than assuming that one standard fieldwork package suits every development.

Findings identify ecological features relevant to subsequent impact assessment and design. Failure to record a species during a particular visit is not unconditional evidence of absence. Seasonal and spatial limitations, together with any need for further survey, are explained so the project team can plan additional analysis, location alternatives and decisions concerning protection of identified ecological features.

Technical data

Subject Habitats, species and ecological conditions within the project study area.
Service type Field surveys and interpretation of ecological data.
Assessment basis and requirements Survey programme selected for species groups, season, location and the purpose of environmental documentation.
Method
  1. Review existing evidence and define relevant species groups and habitats.
  2. Select survey periods and methods appropriate to the investigation questions.
  3. Complete agreed visits with suitable specialists and record observation locations.
  4. Interpret findings with their limitations and any supplementary survey needs.
Delivery model KFB Enviro with a partner/subcontractor

What you receive

You receive an ecological survey report and maps presenting identified features within the agreed scope. The report explains methods, survey dates, findings and observation limits. It highlights matters relevant to further design or impact assessment and any need for additional work. Seasonal coverage and specialist participation are selected individually for the requirements of the project.

Scope and limitations

Seasonal scope and specialist teams are selected for each project

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Tree and shrub survey

Make existing vegetation a clear design consideration

We define the survey area and how field records will be linked to the available base map. Trees and shrubs are identified and described using the attributes needed for the agreed purpose. Consistent identifiers connect each schedule entry to a location, reducing misunderstandings between field specialists, designers and the project team.

Where a proposed layout is available, survey information is compared with it to identify potential conflicts and vegetation protection needs. Recommendations reflect the project and the extent of observations made. A description of visible condition is not automatically a detailed tree stability assessment; situations requiring specialist diagnostics are identified for separate investigation before a decision is made.

The material supports discussions about layout changes, construction arrangements and further documentation using a shared dataset. The survey is not permission to remove vegetation and does not replace separate procedures. If the design or site conditions change after the survey, the currency of the information should be checked before it is used for subsequent decisions.

Technical data

Subject Trees and shrubs within the agreed survey area.
Service type Tree and shrub inventory linking field records with mapped locations.
Assessment basis and requirements Agreed survey coverage, available base mapping and project needs; additional diagnostics are agreed separately.
Method
  1. Agree the study boundary, base map and vegetation attributes required.
  2. Identify and describe trees and shrubs during the field survey.
  3. Link identifiers to locations and check schedule-to-map consistency.
  4. Identify design conflicts, protection needs and requirements for further diagnostics.
Delivery model KFB Enviro with a partner/subcontractor

What you receive

You receive a tree and shrub survey with a map and a consistent inventory of the vegetation recorded. It includes the agreed field attributes and project-relevant recommendations. The package supports identification in documentation, discussion of conflicts and planning of next steps, clearly distinguishing the inventory from any specialist diagnostics or separate formal consultations that may be required.

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Ecological and biodiversity impact assessment

Translate ecological evidence into project decisions

We review available surveys and ecological information alongside the development's location, scale and stages. The evidence is checked against the questions the assessment must answer. Particular attention is given to features sensitive to land take, habitat change, disturbance or other effects genuinely associated with the proposal and its planned construction and operating arrangements.

The significance of anticipated changes is considered for identified species, habitats and ecological connections. Opportunities to avoid effects are considered before appropriate mitigation measures. Compensation is explored where justified by the assessment and project route; it is not treated as an automatic substitute for changing an adverse design or as a guarantee of project acceptance.

Recommendations are linked to particular project elements, work timing or further investigation needs. Where seasonal or spatial evidence is insufficient, we explain the implications for the conclusions. The report supports option selection and documentation coordination, while implementation, ecological supervision and any additional surveys require their own agreed scope and practical arrangements.

Technical data

Subject Development effects on species, habitats and ecological connections.
Service type Ecological impact assessment and identification of mitigation or compensation measures.
Assessment basis and requirements Ecological survey evidence, project parameters and criteria appropriate to the environmental features assessed.
Method
  1. Check ecological evidence against the requirements of the proposed development.
  2. Connect project activities to sensitive features and potential impact pathways.
  3. Assess effect significance and options for avoidance, mitigation or compensation.
  4. Prepare project recommendations and identify evidence gaps requiring further work.
Delivery model KFB Enviro with a partner/subcontractor

What you receive

You receive a specialist impact assessment report and recommendations addressing the ecological features identified. The document explains evidence, assumptions and limits of interpretation, linking proposed measures to specific project components. It helps agree design changes and further analysis needs without implying that uncommissioned implementation activities are included in the assessment itself.

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Preliminary land contamination risk assessment

Locate potential risks before commissioning intrusive investigation

We reconstruct site uses from available historical material, process documentation and information supplied by the owner or operator. The review looks for locations associated with substance storage, production, waste handling and incidents that may have affected the ground. Confirmed facts are distinguished from assumptions and areas where reliable information is limited or absent.

Potential sources are connected to possible contaminant migration pathways and current or proposed land uses. Existing investigation results are reviewed in terms of location, age and actual coverage. This identifies questions already partly answered and areas needing targeted investigation, rather than selecting sampling locations without a clear link to the site's history.

The preliminary review helps define the next stage but does not demonstrate that an entire property is free from contamination. An absence of recorded incidents is not proof that none occurred. Findings help investors, operators or transaction advisers consider additional documents, intrusive investigation or clarification of a specific risk before making further commitments.

Technical data

Subject Historical and current potential sources of land contamination.
Service type Preliminary risk assessment using site history and available evidence.
Assessment basis and requirements Historical records, process descriptions, earlier investigations and the intended use of the property.
Method
  1. Review site use history, process documentation and existing investigation results.
  2. Identify potential sources and gaps in the historical evidence.
  3. Connect sources with migration pathways and relevant land uses.
  4. Propose a further investigation programme targeting the identified risks.
Delivery model KFB Enviro with a partner/subcontractor

What you receive

You receive a preliminary report and programme of next steps identifying potential contamination sources, the quality of available evidence and significant uncertainties. Recommendations organise the need for further documentation or investigation. The material helps commission purposeful follow-up work and explains which conclusions cannot yet be supported by a review of the property's history alone.

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Waste management assessment

Trace waste from the generating process to its destination

We identify the processes and activities that generate waste and review collection, storage and onward transfer arrangements. Operating data, records, documentation and facility team input are brought together. Documented procedures are compared with actual practices, with attention to streams that are omitted, mixed or recorded inconsistently across different datasets and responsibilities.

Quantities, classification assignments and management routes are organised into a traceable balance. We assess whether the available evidence supports the adopted classification and storage arrangements. Links to formal documentation are reviewed, and issues requiring confirmation, specialist testing or a separate assessment are identified where a process description alone does not provide a sufficient basis.

The findings help distinguish improvements involving facility practices, data quality, recipient selection or documentation. This is not a waste collection or treatment service. Its value lies in connecting information distributed across production, maintenance and administration, so proposed actions reflect the waste streams actually identified rather than the contents of a single register.

Technical data

Subject Waste streams and their handling at an operating facility or planned development.
Service type Waste balance and review of waste management arrangements.
Assessment basis and requirements Process descriptions, waste records, transfer documentation and requirements relevant to the identified streams.
Method
  1. Identify waste generation points and subsequent management routes.
  2. Reconcile quantities and classifications with records and process information.
  3. Assess storage arrangements, information flows and material operational risks.
  4. Prepare the waste balance and recommendations addressing identified gaps.
Delivery model KFB Enviro with a partner/subcontractor

What you receive

You receive a waste balance and recommendations linked to the streams and practices reviewed. The material identifies data sources, classification bases, areas of uncertainty and priorities for further work. It supports operational changes, clarification of documentation needs and consistent communication among people responsible for records, storage arrangements and relationships with waste recipients.

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Water impact assessment

Connect water conditions with the actual development proposal

We identify water conditions relevant to the location and activities capable of changing water quantity, quality or movement. Available information on surface water, groundwater, surrounding uses and project design is reviewed. The study area and project stages follow potential impact pathways rather than being limited automatically to the development site's boundary.

Potential impact sources are connected to the pathways through which effects may occur and the environmental receptors requiring protection. Abstraction, discharge, dewatering or land-use changes are considered where relevant to the proposal. We check alignment with other project assumptions and identify subjects requiring additional evidence or specialist investigation before defensible conclusions can be drawn.

Findings support selection of protective measures and conditions for further design. A documentation-based assessment does not replace hydrogeological investigation, fieldwork or separate studies needed for a particular solution. We distinguish the questions that can be assessed at the current stage from those requiring a more developed design or better site information.

Technical data

Subject Project effects on surface water and groundwater.
Service type Specialist assessment of impacts on the water environment.
Assessment basis and requirements Project documentation, available water data and assessment criteria relevant to the location and purpose of the study.
Method
  1. Review water conditions and relevant components of the proposed development.
  2. Identify potential impact sources, pathways and environmental receptors.
  3. Assess the significance of effects and proposed protective measures.
  4. Prepare documentation findings and recommendations for additional evidence.
Delivery model KFB Enviro with a partner/subcontractor

What you receive

You receive a specialist report for project documentation describing baseline conditions, anticipated effects and proposed protective measures. The report identifies data sources, assumptions and investigation limitations. Conclusions are linked to project components, supporting coordination across disciplines and clarifying the information or design changes needed before the next stage of development work.

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Climate and greenhouse gas emissions assessment

Distinguish climate impacts from climate-related risks

We agree whether the work concerns greenhouse gas emissions, project resilience to climate hazards, or both. For an emissions balance, we establish organisational or project boundaries, the reference period and data categories. For resilience, we identify project components whose performance may depend on weather conditions and changes in their surroundings.

Energy, fuel and process data are organised according to the selected approach, with factors, conversions and estimates documented. Resilience analysis brings relevant climate information together with the development's exposure and sensitivity. Confirmed evidence, scenario assumptions and uncertainty are distinguished so findings can be interpreted in the context of design or operational decisions.

We identify significant emission sources or areas requiring adaptation, depending on the commissioned scope. Findings can support comparison of alternatives and plans to improve data quality. A project balance is not automatically a complete organisational footprint, and a climate assessment does not guarantee resilience to every event. These limits are stated explicitly in the report.

Technical data

Subject Greenhouse gas emissions and/or climate resilience within agreed boundaries.
Service type Climate assessment, GHG balance or combined project study.
Assessment basis and requirements Selected accounting or risk assessment approach, activity data and scenarios suited to the purpose and assessment horizon.
Method
  1. Agree the purpose, boundaries, reference period and assessment topic.
  2. Collect emission activity data or evidence of exposure and sensitivity.
  3. Calculate GHG emissions or assess risks under selected scenarios.
  4. Interpret main drivers, limitations and potential directions for action.
Delivery model KFB Enviro with a partner/subcontractor

What you receive

You receive a climate report or GHG balance covering the agreed scope, with its data, method, boundaries and assumptions explained. Conclusions identify significant emission sources or climate risks and areas for further assessment. Information gaps are documented so the results can be used appropriately in design, facility management or preparation of reporting data.

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Water and wastewater management assessment

Understand water and wastewater as a connected system

We examine water supplies, consumption points and wastewater streams. Process information is combined with available measurements, consumption records, agreements and facility documentation. Streams with different origins and management routes are kept distinct so the balance reflects actual relationships rather than simply adding figures drawn from unrelated documents with different reference periods.

The review checks consistency between demand and discharge, variations in loading and locations where evidence is missing. We identify risks associated with system capacity, wastewater quality and monitoring arrangements. Within the agreed scope, facility conditions are considered alongside the documents and requirements relevant to the water uses and discharge streams under assessment.

Recommendations are organised around the decisions required: obtaining better data, changing practices, investigating technical options or preparing documentation. The assessment is not a detailed installation design or automatic confirmation that a receiving system can accept additional wastewater. It identifies conditions and agreements worth resolving before a process change or an increase in activity.

Technical data

Subject Water supply, consumption and wastewater streams at a facility or development.
Service type Water and wastewater balance with technical and environmental diagnosis.
Assessment basis and requirements Process information, meter readings, test results, agreements and formal documentation relevant to the streams assessed.
Method
  1. Identify water sources, consumption points and wastewater discharge routes.
  2. Reconcile quantity and quality information within a facility balance.
  3. Assess constraints, measurement gaps and links to formal documentation.
  4. Develop recommendations supporting operational decisions or further design work.
Delivery model KFB Enviro with a partner/subcontractor

What you receive

You receive a water and wastewater balance, a diagnosis of material risks and recommended actions. The report identifies data sources, relationships between streams, assessment limits and issues needing further investigation. It provides a structured basis for discussions with designers, network operators or facility teams and for defining further analyses or documents required for the proposed change.

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